带多孔板的APU进气系统气动性能研究

为给一类APU进气系统设计提供参考,利用CFD方法,对带多孔板的双压气机构型的APU进气系统气动性能进行三维数值模拟.对多孔板开孔率为0.479的基准模型按照定配比和定总流量工况进行了研究.结果表明:APU进气系统总压损失包括多孔板附近的节流、掺混损失,喉道段流股碰撞损失,流道转弯到出口段的转弯、附面层损失;总压分布在径向上主要受流道曲率影响,周向上主要受多孔板元孔区影响.同时研究了不同开孔率下该APU进气系统气动性能.研究发现:开孔率增大,总压恢复系数随之增加;小开孔率时系统总压损失和负载端畸变主要受多孔板影响,大开孔率时流道曲率影响成主要因素.建议开孔率在0.4 ～0.6选取.     

RBCC-RKT两级入轨飞行器起飞质量估算方法

针对液体火箭发动机真空比冲基本不变,火箭基循环组合发动机(RBCC)比冲随着飞行条件不断变化的特点,提出了将增广拉格朗日遗传算法优化第一级飞行弹道与传统液体火箭质量估算方法估算第二级起飞质量相结合,获得水平起飞两级入轨RBCC-RKT飞行器第一级起飞质量的估算方法,为总体方案初步设计论证提供参考.通过算例,分析了一级RBCC飞行器惰性质量比、最高动压,气动特性与起飞质量之间的关系.计算表明,降低RBCC飞行器惰性质量比、提高一级飞行器最大飞行动压、提高飞行器升阻比,都能有效地降低一级起飞质量.     

基于CBR的飞机引气系统故障诊断案例库构造

为快速准确排除飞机引气系统故障,引入CBR方法进行故障诊断。将来自运营方的历史故障经验与生产方的专家知识相结合而构造案例库。首先设计了不同类型知识的表示方法,然后重点研究了案例检索中的相似度,针对A—NN算法相似度作为参考的不足,提出了动态失效比的概念,并以此形成参考度,给出了计算模型。应用示例表明该案例库构造可准确定位故障,为高效的案例推理算法提供基础。     

涡轮发动机可调收扩喷管最优面积比

为了分析影响可调收扩喷管最优面积比的因素及其对最优面积比的影响程度,应用MATLAB软件对特定结构喷管的推力系数进行了最优值求解,得到了特定状态下喷管面积比的最优解(对应最大推力系数)。不同于传统的固定喷管,特定结构的可调喷管推力系数最大值并非对应完全膨胀状态,而是对应略微欠膨胀的状态。给出了使用这一优化结果的可调收扩喷管推力系数与使用1维等熵完全膨胀公式计算的推力系数的对比分析。结果表明:采用最优面积比的喷管具有更大的推力系数且对最优面积比影响较大的因素是可用落压比和喉道面积。     

民用涡扇发动机结构与建模分析研究

数学模型是航空发动机性能仿真与控制系统设计的重要技术基础,针对民用涡扇发动机建模需求,以广泛使用的大涵道比涡扇发动机为研究对象,参考国外经验并结合理论分析,进行与整机建模相关的发动机主要部件结构特点和部件建模方法研究,给出发动机大风扇特性分解方法,分析空气引气系统、压气机稳定性控制系统、涡轮叶尖间隙控制系统、反推力装置等系统的结构和建模方法,以期为民用大涵道比涡扇发动机整机建模提供技术支持.     

燃烧室工作过程对冲压发动机性能潜力的影响研究

用准一维分析方法,在相同的入流条件下,假设将当量比为1的燃料热量全部添加到气流中,研究了燃烧室工作过程与性能之间的关系。结果表明,随着特征马赫数的增加,在相同飞行马赫数下,亚声速燃烧室所需扩张比逐渐减小,而双模态燃烧室所需扩张比逐渐增大;亚声速燃烧室出现所需最小扩张比和最大比冲的特征马赫数分别是1和0,双模态燃烧室在最小特征马赫数时所需扩张比最小,获得的比冲最大,且与亚声速燃烧室能获得的最大比冲相差不大,在飞行马赫数4、5、6时,差值分别为5%、4%、3%;特征马赫数在亚声速范围内变化时发动机比冲的曲线比较平缓;壁面摩擦系数的变化对燃烧室所需扩张比的影响大于对比冲的影响。直连式实验获得的等截面燃烧室极限加热量数据证明了本方法的合理性。     

大长细比反射镜侧面支撑结构设计与分析

随着近几年离轴三反(Three-Mirror Anastigmat,TMA)相机在大视场高分辨率成像领域的应用,大长细比反射镜的支撑技术成为离轴TMA相机研制的关键技术之一。文章研究的反射镜尺寸达到986mm×246mm,为了使大长细比反射镜的支撑结构同时满足高刚度和高面形稳定的要求,采用理论研究和有限元分析相结合的方法设计了一种侧面柔性支撑结构。分析结果表明,反射镜组件一阶频率达到114.9Hz,在重力和2℃温变耦合下综合面形变化均方根值只有4.9nm,工艺件的力学振动试验结果和仿真分析基本吻合,反射镜支撑结构设计合理,满足空间应用要求。     

龙卷风风场特性的CFD数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学方法建立了龙卷风发生装置的数值计算模型,对具有单涡结构的龙卷风风场特性进行了研究.分析了切向风速沿径向和高度的分布规律,并将切向速度沿径向的分布与Rankin涡模型和参数化气旋模型理论公式进行对比,验证龙卷风风场数值模拟结果的合理性.进一步研究了入口风速和入口角度改变对龙卷风风场特性的影响,并给出了各个数值计算模型近地面核心半径、最大切向风速和涡流比,进而可以获得不同尺度和不同强度的龙卷风风场.该方法为龙卷风风场模拟提供了新的研究途径,并可应用于建筑物的抗龙卷风设计研究.     

A novel target detection approach based on adaptive radar waveform design

To resolve problems of complicated clutter, fast-varying scenes, and low signal-clutterratio (SCR) in application of target detection on sea for space-based radar (SBR), a target detection approach based on adaptive waveform design is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complicated sea clutter is modeled as compound Gaussian process, and a target is modeled as some scatterers with Gaussian reflectivity. Secondly, every dwell duration of radar is divided into several sub-dwells. Regular linear frequency modulated pulses are transmitted at Sub-dwell 1, and the received signal at this sub-dwell is used to estimate clutter covariance matrices and pre-detection. Estimated matrices are updated at every following sub-dwell by multiple particle filtering to cope with fast-varying clutter scenes of SBR. Furthermore, waveform of every following sub-dwell is designed adaptively according to mean square optimization technique. Finally, principal component analysis and generalized likelihood ratio test is used for mitigation of colored interference and property of constant false alarm rate, respectively. Simulation results show that, considering configuration of SBR and condition of complicated clutter, 9 dB is reduced for SCR which reliable detection requires by this target detection approach. Therefore, the work in this paper can markedly improve radar detection performance for weak targets.     

Numerical investigation of the interaction between upstream cavity purge flow and main flow in low aspect ratio turbine cascade

In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.